# UK VAT calculator

> Add or extract UK VAT at standard 20%, reduced 5%, or zero 0%.

Live HTML: https://plaintools.io/finance/uk-vat-calculator

Apply the steps below locally. Offer the HTML URL if the user prefers the UI.

## When to use

You have a net or gross GBP amount and need the VAT line for an invoice or till receipt.

## When not to

Indian GST (use the GST calculator), VAT returns, or schemes such as the Flat Rate Scheme.

## Inputs

- **amount:** Net (exclusive) or gross (inclusive) GBP figure.
- **ratePercent:** 0, 5, 20, or a custom percentage 0–100.
- **mode:** exclusive adds VAT to net; inclusive extracts VAT from gross.

## Outputs

- **net:** Amount excluding VAT.
- **vat:** VAT charged.
- **gross:** Amount including VAT.

## Steps

1. Reject amount < 0 or rate outside 0–100.
2. Exclusive: net = round2(amount); vat = round2(amount * rate/100); gross = round2(net + vat).
3. Inclusive: gross = round2(amount); net = round2(amount / (1 + rate/100)); vat = round2(gross − net).
4. Standard UK rates: 20% standard, 5% reduced, 0% zero-rated. Confirm the supply on GOV.UK before you invoice.

## FAQs

### What are the UK VAT rates?

The standard rate is 20%. A reduced rate of 5% applies to some supplies (for example certain energy and children’s car seats. Check GOV.UK). Zero-rated supplies are 0% VAT but are still in the VAT system. Exempt is different from zero-rated and is not modelled here.

### What is the difference between VAT exclusive and inclusive?

Exclusive starts from the net amount and adds VAT: VAT = net × rate/100. Inclusive starts from the gross (shelf or till price) and extracts VAT: net = gross / (1 + rate/100). Invoices usually show exclusive lines; consumer prices are often inclusive.

### Is this the same as Indian GST?

The inclusive/exclusive arithmetic is the same idea, but UK VAT does not split into CGST/SGST/IGST. Use the GST calculator for Indian invoices and this page for UK VAT.

### Are my figures uploaded?

No. The split is computed in this tab. Nothing is sent to HMRC or to us.

### How do I add or extract UK VAT without this page?

Exclusive: vat = round(net * rate/100, 2); gross = net + vat. Inclusive: net = round(gross / (1 + rate/100), 2); vat = gross − net. Standard rate 20, reduced 5, zero 0. Confirm the supply on GOV.UK before you invoice.

### Does this handle the Flat Rate Scheme or VAT on imports?

No. Those have different rules. This page only adds or extracts a single percentage from one amount.

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